This study explores land tenure issues theories, country experiences, and the ethiopian case during the period pre1975 to present and raises fundamental issues for further investigation. Framework and considered a prerequisite for economic. Total area of ethiopia agricultural land in ethiopia. Gebre sellasie ethiopian economic policy research institute, addis ababa, ethiopia we have used an extensive data set from ethiopia to study the countrys existing land tenure system from the perspective of farmers and to assess the impacts that this system currently has on. Ownership, equity, and liberty in land use rights fig working week 2012 knowing to manage the territory, protect the environment, evaluate the cultural heritage rome, italy, 610 may 2012 land owned by the government was distributed to different people on the condition of serving the state at different levels. Livestock keeping is also popular with huge swathes of land used for. In ethiopia land has been central by which the rural community has been implicitly or explicitly tied to the state. Keywords land resource, land use, land ownership, state ownership, private. Land use planning project, eth78003 phasei and, more recently, eth82010 phase ii. The way it is governed and administered therefore has a significant impact on a countrys future.
Objectives improve the legal framework related to land use rights at the national and regional levels. Proclamation no 4562005 federal democratic republic of ethiopia rural land administration and use proclamation. Review of landholding systems and policies in ethiopia. Ecology of land rights protection, presents examples of the current mixture of outcomes, and concludes with observations about the work of the mekelle university law faculty in improving human rights protection. Major land use problems that have contributed to an unsustainable land use system are identified. Due to migration of article submission systems, please check the status of your submitted manuscript in the relevant system below. The land use planning and regulatory department luprd of the ministry of agriculture moa in ethiopia has been receiving undpfao assistance since 1979, in the form of the assistance to land use planning project, eth78003 phasei and, more recently, eth82010 phase ii. Land laws currently in force also do not sufficiently protect rights of rural land users. Dec 26, 2019 the house of peoples representatives has enacted the controversial urban land proclamation no.
Framework and considered a prerequisite for economic growth guidelines on land policy in africa land policy in africa. Land and the challenge of sustainable development in ethiopia. Forests have greatly reduced with only about 10 to 15% of the land covered by forests. The national information and communication technology ict policy and strategy. Ethiopia land policy and administration assessment global.
Land use policy, land use planning, conservation of natural resources, safeguarding the environment. Guder highland, aba gerima midland, and debatie lowland. For instance, the 1974 government change has followed by radical land use policy reforms in ethiopian history in which land held by the monarchic system for. Impact of land policy on rural and urban areas highlighted. It was also estimated that over 60 percent of the cultivated area was cropland. Of ethiopia s total land area of l,22l,480 square kilometers, the government estimated in the late 1980s that l5 percent was under cultivation and 5l percent was pastureland.
Farmers participation in the development of land use policies for the central rift. The report suggests that land policy has not yielded the expected results. Land use policy is an international and interdisciplinary journal concerned with the social, economic, political, legal, physical and planning aspects of urban and rural land use. Land policy there is a great need to help the ethiopian leadership think about how it can modify land policy and administration in ways that will encourage efficient farmers to produce more and improve their land management without reducing their livelihood security. As shown in table 1, domestic investment in ethiopia has increased rapidly since the. Therefore, there is a need to see if this is a fact or not and if it is a fact, to explore the extent to which this process of rural urban linkage is affected by the land policy in ethiopia. How many of each type of land belongs to each man live in the country. Whereas, the sustainable rapid economic growth registered across all economic sectors and regions in the country has necessitated continuously and increasingly the demand for urban land which.
The land use planning and regulatory department luprd of the ministry of agriculture moa in ethiopia has been receiving undpfao assistance since 1979, in the form of the assistance to. Ownership, equity, and liberty in land use rights fig working week 2012 knowing to manage the territory, protect the environment, evaluate the cultural heritage rome, italy, 610 may 2012 land owned by the government was distributed to different people on. Is the current land policy of ethiopia the most feasible one with respect to the economic goals of the country. Pdf is the current land policy of ethiopia the most feasible one.
The state ownership of land in contemporary ethiopia is far from ideal since it restricts the different land rights of use, rent, lease, endowment, and inheritance for different reasons. Land governance assessment framework implementation in ethiopia final country report supported by the world bank prepared zerfu hailu phd with contributions from expert investigators. This case study demonstrates the continuing relevance of these three ideas and laws in land debates in ethiopia, the use of these ideas by protagonists as means of justifying land claims, and the ambiguous state response to the conflict, which appears to go well beyond the provisions of the land policy. To achieve these goals, the government of ethiopia has accepted urban land lease policy as the alternative land tenure system so as to provide a room for individuals and investors to land to use land use rights through transferring from the state to land users. Implications of land policies for ruralurban linkages and rural transformation in ethiopia getnet alemu zewdu and mehrab malek development strategy and governance division, international food policy research institute ethiopia strategy support program 2, ethiopia e ethiopia strategy support program essp essp ii working paper no. Land useland cover dynamics and its impact on biodiversity resources in the abijata shalla national park, central rift valley lakes region, ethiopia.
Current land policy issues in ethiopia request pdf. Smallholder peasant agriculture, in some areas including forestry, is the dominant sector accounting for. The current land policy of ethiopia states that land both urban or rural, is the property of the public state, hence, it cant be sold or be exchanged. Illegal subdivision of land for housing construction is carried out by an owner, giving out a piece without any o. References summary land is a vital resource and a driver of economic growth and development. Articles 2377 and 242 of the constitution of uganda are very clear. Attempts to modernize land ownership by giving title either to the peasants who till the soil, or to largescale farming programs, have been tried under imperial rulers like emperor haile selassie, and under marxist regimes like the derg, with mixed results. Land expropriation and the emerging largescale land transfer to investors in ethiopia have farreaching adverse impacts on the livelihood of rural populations and the environment abdo, 2015, ambaye, 20, tura, 2017, grant, 2015. Impact of land certification on sustainable land use practices mdpi.
To ameliorate the situation problems the government has taken measures to improve the provision of housing, land development and basic urban services. Land, land policy and smallholder agriculture in ethiopia future. Gebre sellasie ethiopian economic policy research institute, addis ababa, ethiopia we have used an extensive data set from ethiopia to study the countrys existing land tenure system from the perspective of farmers and to assess the impacts that this system currently has on agricultural development and implications for poverty. The only transferable proprietarily right on land is infrastructure. Land policy, urbanrural interaction and land administration. With the exception of climate change, the major environmental issues affecting ethiopia are soil erosion and land degradation, deforestation and forest degradation, water scarcity, biodiversity loss, and various types of pollution. In addition to the above resources, ethiopia also engages in a bit of agriculture. In addition, this book will enable the reader to understand the pastoralist production system as well as the current pastoral land administration and land use policy in ethiopia. Ethiopia land administration program elap worked to strengthen ethiopias land administration system, promote tenure security, increase public awareness of land rights, and strengthen the capacity of federal and regional land administration agencies. Land reformskeeping a 21st century ethiopia in mind by. Pdf land had been controlled by the elite kings and their trusted group in ethiopia. We have used an extensive data set from ethiopia to study the countrys existing land tenure system from the perspective of farmers and to assess the impacts that this system currently has on agricultural development and implications for poverty reduction at large. The overall goal of the national land use policy is to provide legal, administrative, institutional and technologicalframework for optimal utilization.
Uneca2s 2002 economic report in africa, as cited by gebresilasie 2006. Th is policy and the att endant land administration practices have drawn impassioned debates over the years, to the extent of holding it responsible for all failures in the overall socioeconomic development of urban centers. Current land use and land administration policies of the regions present restrictions on the. Ethiopian economic associationethiopian economic policy research institute eeaeepri. Ethiopia land policy and administration assessment. Ethiopia land policy and administration assessment iii. Land use policy, land use planning, conservation of. Land use policy 32 20 186196 187 forest law within the countrys sovereignty was issued in 1965 gebremarkos and deribe, 2001. Tenants became own operators with use rights, but with no rights to sell, mortgage or exchange of land.
The imperial regime 19301974 had imposed an oppressive land tenure system on the oromo and other peoples of ethiopia until the derg regime 19741991 had introduced a public land tenure system. The united nations economic commission for africas uneca 2002 economic report on africa, for instance, stated that land tenure, along with the issue of governance, were the most pressing areas requiring institutional reforms in ethiopia. What is counted as a private property interest in land is thus a land use right. The house of peoples representatives has enacted the controversial urban land proclamation no. It further examines alternative policy, legislative, institutional and implementation mechanisms, and makes recommendations deduced from a thorough analysis of. An assessment of ethiopian land policy from various perspectives university of gondar faculty of management sciences and economics department of. Experts agree that land is not put to good use in ethiopia. Ethiopia for a detailed explanation of the underlying methodology of the fable calculator, trade adjustment, and envelope analysis, please refer to sections 3. Current land policy issues in ethiopia request pdf researchgate. Land tenure, administration and use in pastoral areas of ethiopia.
Land policy content the federal land administration and land use proclamation 1997 all land belongs to the state and peoples of ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of exchange article 40. Ethiopians have a deep notion, rooted in their feelings and their minds, that land is everything. Data and tools for pathways towards sustainable land use and food systems, and 3. Towards improved transactions of land use rights in ethiopia usaid. Land use policy is an international and interdisciplinary journal concerned with the social, economic, political, legal, physical and planning. Land use changes, optimization strategies and the role of institutions for sustainable natural resources management in the bale ecoregion share bale ecoregion research report series no. Land policy in ethiopia, for example, is one area that needs revisiting as current land laws fail to provide incentives for developing land and increasing production of agricultural commodities. Ethiopia that land is the property of the state and the peoples of ethiopia and that its use shall be subject to specific regulation by law. Review of landholding systems and policies in ethiopia under. Land lease policy in addis ababa ethiopian, chamber. A framework to strengthen land rights, enhance productivity and secure livelihoods african union african development bank economic commission for africa how can the land sector play its proper role. Implications of land policies for the ruralurban linkages. Yet, little is known in a systematic and scholarly fashion of the realities of ethiopian land policy and practice.
Land use, optimization strategies and institutions for sustainable nrm. Current land policy issues in etkiopia food and agriculture. The proclamation, however, is predominated by land administration articles and left to offer few directions on the use of specific land features. The study also aims to establish facts whether the realization of the law had achieved the intended purposes. Land tenure, administration and use in pastoral areas of. Area of agricultural lands arable land, permanent crops, permanent meadows and pastures.
For instance, the 1974 government change has followed by radical land use policy reforms in ethiopian history in which land held by the monarchic system for centuries had been handed over to. Trends of institutionalization and deinstitutionalization. The change of government in 1991 has brought not much. Ethiopian economic policy research institute, addis ababa, ethiopia. Aug 20, 2018 in ethiopia, land and all natural resources are owned by the government and the people of ethiopia. Urban and peri urban development dynamics in ethiopia swiss agency for development and cooperation iv executive summary ethiopia is the second most populous country in africa next to. This study examined the trends, driving factors, and implications of land useland cover lulc dynamics over the past 35 years 19822017 in three watersheds of the droughtprone areas that represent different agroecologies of upper blue nile basin, ethiopia. Nevertheless, forestry as an autonomous sector has come to high policy attention and institutional pro.
The problem of land reform in ethiopia has hampered that countrys economic development throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries. Mar 29, 2018 this case study demonstrates the continuing relevance of these three ideas and laws in land debates in ethiopia, the use of these ideas by protagonists as means of justifying land claims, and the ambiguous state response to the conflict, which appears to go well beyond the provisions of the land policy. Ethiopia land policy and administration assessment xiii governments from pursuing land redistribution which on several occasions has stripped farmers of rights or reduced landholdings. Even though the law is a federal law, the power of implementation through subsidiary legislation is. Whereas, the sustainable rapid economic growth registered across all economic sectors and regions in the country has necessitated continuously.
National land use policy is to achieve coordination, sustainability and optimal land utilization for socioeconomic development. Pdf ethiopia land policy and administration assessment. Exploring land useland cover changes, drivers and their. Under a constitutional provision, there is a federal land proclamation providing legal framework on the administration and use of land. A study on the impact of the current land lease law on. Whereas, it is confirmed in the constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia that the right to ownership of land is exclusively vested in the state and in the people. Pdf is the current land policy of ethiopia the most. Generally speaking, inappropriate land policies and programs are. An analysis of the current land use system in the context of the various policies and programs in the government is offered. Urban land lease policy of ethiopia case study on addis ababa. Causes of flawed expropriation laws and land grabs in ethiopia. As things stand, about 20% is being exploited for agricultural use even though the potential is higher. Urban and peri urban development dynamics in ethiopia. It is important to note that the national land use policy has its roots in the legislative and policy framework that guides the country today.
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